Amnesty International Australia is calling for a national moratorium on arresting children under the age of 14.
Last week the Federal Parliament passed a motion agreeing in principle to raise the age of criminal responsibility, with the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child also recommending Australia raises the age to 14.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children make up less than 6 percent of children aged 10-17 years, yet they account for 54 per cent of children in prison.
Amnesty International is also calling on State and Territory governments to transition all children out of prison within a year.