The Sunshine Coast reported 78 cases of the rodent-borne disease leptospirosis following a mouse plague in the region.
A spokesman for Queensland Health, Professor Keith McNeil, said leptospirosis can cause flu-like symptoms but left untreated can develop into meningitis and kidney failure.
He said that agriculture workers are most at risk for catching the disease but it can also be transmitted by swimming in waters contaminated by the urine of infected animals.